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BOOKBINDING FOR BEGINNERS
What Is Bookbinding? Starter Guide on How to Bind Books at Home
Master bookbinding with our detailed guide covering supplies, stitching types, essential bookbinding methods and key terms for beginners
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Practicing creative hobbies is a wonderful activity that can help you better cope with daily anxieties and bring a sense of fun and pleasure to your life. Engaging in crafts during leisure time also helps you take a break from screens and distance yourself from the digital environment, at least for a moment. This has been found to improve both mental and physical health. If you are contemplating of starting an amusing new hobby that will relieve you of stress and boost your sense of well-being, you should try book binding. This ancient craft is not very hard to learn. In fact, with minimum practice you will be able to accomplish great results in a relatively short time. So if you are seeking to find more information on how to start binding books, notebooks, journals, albums, or pamphlets, you have come to the right place.
In this guide, we will focus on hand binding and handmade books. We’ve gathered all the essential information you might need about this hobby, such as its origins, the tools you’ll need and different techniques like Coptic, long-stitch, Japanese stab, and Pamphlet stitch binding. Most importantly, you will learn how to choose quality thread, where to find it, and why string like linen thread is the preferred choice among bookbinders. We will also include useful tips and advice to help you master this skill in no time!
Shop High-Quality Bookbinding Thread at Hemptique
Hemptique is a trustworthy supplier of premium bookbinding threads which are favorite among countless artisans, hobbyists, DIYers, bookmakers, book restorers, book conservators, book repairers, book artists, and many other craftsmen and trade professionals. The reason why all of these individuals and businesses use Hemptique products is because they perfectly bind books that hold up well for a very long time. Our threads will help you work faster, without unnecessary disruptions and holdups. They are exceptionally easy to handle, maintain firm grip and glide seamlessly through paper and other materials. They are gentle on paper, which is very important, especially if you are just starting out. Beginner bookbinding DIYers will find it easy to work with our lightly waxed threads like premium linen thread, 5-ply waxed linen cord, 1.0mm Silky smooth waxed polyester thread, waxed cotton cord, and 1.0mm and 0.5mm Premium linen cord with soy wax coating. Whether you are just getting into this hobby, or you are a seasoned artisan, you can use our strings to bind sketchbooks, ledgers, journals, gift books, albums, diaries, portfolios, and other printed sheets of paper. To get discounted pricing on volume purchasing, fill out a wholesale sign-up form, or send us a bulk order request.
What Is Bookbinding?
Bookbinding, also referred to as book bindery, is a traditional ancient craft of assembling and fastening loose sheets of paper inside a cover to create a book, journal, or ledger in simple or intricate decorative bindings.
The purpose is to tie pages together, keep them in proper order, and to protect them from physical damage. It adds stability and durability to written or printed content, which is best seen on bindings from fifteenth and sixteenth century that still exist in excellent condition today. The paper can be bound by thread and needle, spine coils, lose rings, or spine combs, and the finished look depends on materials used.
- hand binding - creating hand-sewn books either as a hobby or profession
conservation & restoration – materials and techniques must align with historical context of the book
commercial binding - hardcover, punch & bind, thermally activated, stitched or sewn
Bookbinding Through History
Books have existed for centuries and they have been used as primary medium to record history, convey knowledge, share information, tell stories, and entertain. The way they are made has significantly changed and improved over time, from handwritten and printed to digitized versions, but the need for books remains timeless.
The earliest evidence of scrolls can be traced back to ancient Egypt, and then India, China, and the Roman empire. It is believed that Indians were the first to engrave texts on palm leaves and tie them with a piece of twine to create a structure that resembles a book. The Romans used to bind wax and wood tablets together to form what they referred to as ‘pugillares’, or ‘codices’ during the first and second centuries CE.
In the fifth century, after the rise of written literature, the binding has also evolved. The pages were sewn onto sturdy cords and attached to wooden boards, which were later covered with leather. Each book was one-of-a-kind creation of exceptional craftsmanship, with customized styles and sizes. Medieval books were usually fastened with clasps, straps, or metal bosses. During the Renaissance, bookbinders worked closely with the artists to match content from the book.
Bookbinding began to standardize with the invention of printing press in the 15th century. Some of the binding techniques used through ages include case binding, Coptic, Ethiopian, Limp vellum, embroidered, traditional Chinese binding, etc.
Common Bookbinding Terms
Before we explore book binding methods on a deeper level, there are a few common terms you should get familiar with:
- Cover – The front and the back side of the book, typically made from thick, durable material that serves as protection for the pages inside. DIY cover options include plastic sheets, cardboard, chipboard, postcards, etc.
Spine – The spine is the outside edge where the pages are gathered and held together. It runs along the length of the book.
Signature – Also referred to ‘sections’ or ‘gatherings’, signatures are small stacks of nested, folded paper bound together. Usually, there are 4 to 7 sheets of paper per one signature, which are sewn together. The number of signatures in a book depends on how large the book is.
Book block – Pages of the book sewn or glued together that are put inside a cover.
Introduction to Binding Methods
There are many different styles of how you can bind a book, but here are several easy to learn techniques you can try at home. Remember to start practicing using scrap paper or cardstock, until you become more skilled at this craft.
Pamphlet stitch
If you are just starting out, this is the perfect technique for you. It is simple and quick, and can be used by older kids who can safely work with a needle and thread.
Begin by folding your several sheets of paper together into a signature and nesting them on top of your cover. Measure out and make holes with equal spacing along the middle fold and then sew the pages together. Use any type of string you prefer, including hemp cord, cotton, linen, or polyester based.
Coptic stitch
Coptic stitch is more advanced than the previous methods and gives a more robust look, suitable for making thicker books. Coptic stitch have exposed spine with chain stitches that allow books to lay flat when opened. The covers are sewn directly to the first and last pages (signatures), so you don’t need glue for this method. You can start with a single needle and move on to double needle and multi needle technique when you are ready.
Long stitch binding
This is another easy technique with exposed stitching. It is very simple to learn and enables you to get creative while decorating beautiful patterns along the book’s spine. It is done by sewing the signatures onto the book cover. As with other methods, it is very important to measure the spacing of holes accurately, in order for your design to look clean and polished.
Japanese stab binding
Japanese stab binding is ideal for single sheets. This method is a beautiful option if you want to try a more artistic and ornamental style of exposed spine with simple to intricate sewn patterns. The exposed thread then becomes a part of unique design of your handmade book. This method includes three main stages – covers creation, punching the holes, and sewing the desired pattern. With this approach, you have to pay attention for all the holes to be perfectly aligned since they run through both covers and paper. Try using tapered awls, heavy duty hole punch, hammer and nail, or anything that will help you make uniform holes.
Make sure to select a strong thread that can withhold the tension and stress, such as Premium linen cord with soy waxing. Stitch through the holes, working in desired pattern. Popular patterns include Noble binding, Tortoise shell binding, and Hemp leaf binding.
Saddle stitching
There are two variants of this type of binding. One involves stapling, and is typically used for putting together projects that don’t have a lot of pages, such as pamphlets, brief manuals, or info sheets. The other type of saddle stitching is ideal for DIY projects. It involves thread sewing folded sheets with waxed string.
Additional techniques
There are lots of other ways to bind a book, such as perfect binding, case binding, lay flat binding, comb, spiral, thermal, girdle, Bradel, singer sewn, side sewn, plastic coil, and others.
How To Bind A Book By Sewing – Step By Step Instructions
In this example, we will show you one way of binding a notebook using a thread and a needle.
- Step 1 – Fold pages in half & mark 5 equally spaced dost along the spine where you will punch holes. Mark the dots on the inside of the crease.
- Step 2 – Use an awl or needle to pierce 5 holes.
- Step 3 – Start sewing starting from the third (middle) hole and move towards the top in this order: fourth, fifth, fourth hole. Always start sewing on the inside of the crease.
- Step 4 – Now sew through the bottom holes in the following order: second, first, second hole.
- Step 5 – The notebook should have thread both on the inside and the outside of crease. Finish with thread on the inside of the middle hole. Cut the string and tie a secure knot.
Must-Have Bookbinding Supplies To Get You Started
Bookbinding craft requires its own set of supplies and tools, but the good news is you will not need all of them in the beginning. In fact, it is best to use scrap supplies initially.
- Paper – Paper sheets make the inside of the book. You can use any plain paper (white wove bound or typewriter paper) or repurpose sandwich bags, cereal boxes, envelopes, or any other paper you find at home. For the covers of your book, use medium weight paper, cardstock, cardboard or other thicker materials that will be strong enough to protect the content of the book.
- Awl – An awl is a small, pointed tool used to pierce small holes. Some people use a needle for this purpose, but awls are easier to grip, safer, and more accurate.
- Craft knife – A sharp hobby knife enables precise paper cutting, so your finished product will look professional and clean cut.
- Thread – High quality thread which is strong and durable is crucial for keeping your handmade book together and making it look neat and well put together. The thread you use should be strong enough to keep everything together, but also flexible enough so its easy for the beginners or kids to handle it. Most importantly, the thread you use should be soft so it does not tear the paper. There are many different types of string in the market today, including hemp, cotton, and polyester, but bookbinders and crafters around the world prefer linen cord over others. Ensure you choose the right thickness of the string so it suits your project’s needs.
- Needle – Binding needles resemble regular sewing needles, but they are sturdier, and offered in straight or curved version. When choosing the needle, consider its length and gauge.
- Cutting mat – Protects work surfaces while you’re cutting materials. Choose mats with grids for easier measuring.
- Other materials you may need – Ruler, pencil, scissors, glue, glue spreader, clips, clamps, bone folder, foam brush, fabric, leather, brushes, ink, press/weight, printer, adhesive paste, plastic coils, etc.
How To Choose The Right Bookbinding Thread
In bookbinding, it is extremely important to choose the right type of thread. This is because the string you choose determines the appearance, sturdiness, shelf life, and durability of your homemade book. When shopping for the thread, take into account the features mentioned below.
Material
- Linen - Linen is the gold standard in bookbinding. Flax fiber has some amazing properties that are perfect for this craft. It is exceptionally durable, strong, and it does not stretch, which means that the binding will not relax or loosen over time. Linen fiber has extra hold and remarkable resistance to decay which makes it a favorite choice among book makers, including those who work on authentic and archival quality books. This is due to linen’s ability to withstand frequent handling and use without deterioration. Explore available linen threads here.
- Cotton - Cotton string is thinner and not as strong as some other fiber (linen, nylon), but it can still be used to bind books, as it is easily available and affordable.
- Hemp - This is a great choice for eco-conscious businesses and individuals, because hemp is biodegradable and sustainable, with low negative ecological impact. In addition, it is one of the strongest natural plant fibers and resists stretching and breaking very well.
- Polyester - Polyester is a synthetic thread which has several beneficial attributes, such as long shelf life, color fastness, moisture resistance, and resistance to fraying. Make sure you don’t sew it too tight as it will not settle the same as natural fibers and you may have trouble closing the book properly.
- Nylon - Although nylon thread is rough and may not look as appealing as other materials, it is still used by some bookbinding artisans because it is quite durable and easily available.
Thickness
Thread thickness is important as it determines the strength of fiber. Thicker threads are stronger than thinner ones and they may save you time as you may not need to double stitch everything. It is best to choose thick threads when you want the stitching the be exposed. However, be aware that thicker string tends to be more difficult to handle (and sew) and requires a thicker needle, too.
Number of strands & ply number
Each thread consists of either a single strand or multiple strands woven together. Threads with more strands are stronger, thicker, and have more texture. However, make sure to wax them before use to prevent unraveling, or use pre-waxed threads.
Wax coating
Threads can either be pre-waxed or you can wax them yourself by using a block of beeswax. The reason why wax is used is because it helps avoid abrasion when the thread goes through the holes, it adds strength, ensures better grip, and allows for a more secure knotting. An example of lightly waxed thread is this Premium linen cord.
Where To Buy High Quality Bookbinding Thread
Bookbinding is a beautiful traditional craft of creating handmade masterpiece books. As with any other project, it is crucial to have the right supplies which are easily manageable and have long shelf life so that you can enjoy your bound handicrafts for a long time.
